Furnace | Blast furnace process in Steel Production
What is Furnace?
A furnace is a device utilised for the combustion of fuel,
primarily employed to generate valuable heat. It plays a crucial role in
warming rooms during winter and meets the heating demands of refineries and
steel industries. Its widespread usage is attributed to its effectiveness in
providing essential warmth and facilitating industrial processes.
Steel production is at its top level. In Uganda
approximately 585,000 tonnes per annum steel is produced. Steel making is done
by using two methods first is blast furnace and another is Electric Arc.
Blast Furnace:
A blast furnace stands as a specialized metallurgical
furnace employed in the smelting process to yield various industrial metals, typically
pig iron and occasionally others like lead or copper. The term
"blast" pertains to the delivery of combustion air at pressures
exceeding atmospheric levels.
Blast Furnace Process Steel Production:
Within the blast furnace, initially, a continuous supply
of fuel (coke), ores, and flux (limestone) is introduced from the furnace's
top.
Simultaneously, a hot blast of air, occasionally enriched
with oxygen, is forcefully blown into the lower section through a network of
pipes known as tuyeres.
This strategic arrangement ensures that chemical
reactions occur throughout the furnace as materials descend.
The ultimate outcomes comprise molten metal and slag
phases, drawn from the bottom, and waste gases (flue gas) discharged from the
furnace's top.
The process involves a counter-current exchange and chemical
reaction, where the downward flow of ore, in conjunction with the flux,
interacts with an upflow of carbon monoxide-rich combustion gases.
C_Steelt=α0+α1GDP+α2Popt+α3C_Steelt−1+α4NX_Steelt+α5Govt
………..1
Equation (1) expresses the Aggregate Consumption of steel at
time 't' (C_steelt) as a linear combination involving the Gross Domestic
Product (GDPt), Population (Popt), Aggregate Consumption of steel at the
previous time step (C_steelt−1), Net export of steel (NX_steelt), and
Government expenditure (Govt).
1. C_Otherst=β0+β1CPIt+β2GDP_pct+β3NX_Otherst ............................2
Equation (2) articulates the aggregate consumption of
alternative goods at time 't' (C_othert) as a linear function, incorporating
the Consumer Price Index (CPIt) as a representative measure for inflation,
Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP_pct) serving as a proxy for income, and
the Net export of other goods (NX_othert).
2. Inv_Steelt=γ0+γ1R_intt+γ2Total_Invt−1 …………………….3
In Equation (3), it is demonstrated that the aggregate investment in the steel sector at time’t’ (Inv_steelt) is modeled as a linear relationship involving the real interest rate (R_intt) and the total investment at the preceding time point, denoted as Total_Invt−1.
Equation (4) embodies an identity and serves as the
overarching equilibrium condition within the Keynesian framework. This
expression posits that the economy's production level (GDPt) is intricately
influenced by various factors, including the Aggregate Consumption of steel
(C_steelt), Aggregate Consumption of other goods (C_othert), Government
expenditure (Govt), Total investment across all economic sectors (Total_Invt),
Net export of other goods (NX_othert), and Net export of steel (NX_steelt). In
essence, it encapsulates the interplay of these components in determining the
overall economic output.
Prod_Steelt=C_Steelt+NX_Steelt ………………………5
Equation (5) functions as an identity, portraying the
equilibrium condition for steel production (Prod_steelt). This equilibrium is
contingent upon two key elements: the aggregate consumption of steel (C_steelt)
and the net export of steel (NX_steelt). Essentially, it articulates the
balance between these factors in determining the overall production level of
steel.
Also read:
·
Tool
Steel Properties & Application
·
Mild
Steel Products & Properties | Uses
·
Types
of Steels | Steel Properties | Grades
·
Alloy
Steel Grades |Composition | Application & Uses
·
Carbon
Steel Properties & Uses |Composition
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